Wednesday, May 11, 2011

1984 Objectives

14.) Double plus ungood, double plus good, Doublethink, Ingsoc,
http://www.newspeakdictionary.com/ns-dict.html

16.) Ignorance is Strength, War is peace. Same ideas as the party just in a lot of detail.

17.) Person Vs Person: Winston Vs O’Brien
Person Vs Society: Winston Vs Big Brother
Person Vs Self: When Winston is struggling with his conscious about breaking the law
Person Vs Fate: Winston knew that he would eventually get caught but that it was just a matter of time.

Friday, May 6, 2011

Book three,

Chapter 1
1.) A white cell in what he believes to be the Ministry of Love. He isn’t really treated badly; he is just left to sit in this room but is very hungry and is given no food.
2.) Ampleforth and Parsons are both here for thoughtcrime
3.) The chinless man tried to give the starving man bread
4.) A dramatic reaction. He is very scared of room 101. He says he will give up all of his family to just not go to 101
5.) He is pretty much the director of the Thought Police. They are both thought police.
Chapter 2
1.) Little sleep, interrogation, he is beaten, and drugged
2.) The he has a defective memory and is mentally deranged. That He has failed in humanity, in self discipline
3.) They change the belief of those they kill so they don’t influence others when they die still loving their cause,
4.) It’s a momentary memory swipe
5.) What have you done with Julia? She betrayed you. Does Big Brother exist? Yes. Will he die? No. Does the brotherhood exist? You will never know. What is in room 101? You know.
Chapter 3
1.) Learning, understanding, acceptance; understanding
2.) A collective group including O’Brien. Yes
3.) The party seeks power entirely for it’s own sake, they know what they are doing, and the party has come to terms with their intentions
4.) Individually free the human is always defeated
5.) Control of the mind
6.) Progress in their world will be progress toward more pain. They will rule by terror. It is founded on hatred not love and Justice
7.) Because the party lies and is cruel but O’Brien shows that Winston is not so different with a recording saying he would kill and lie and do all of this stuff for the brotherhood.
8.) It frightens him, it breaks him down
9.) He has not betrayed Julia
10.) He loves O’Brien because he understands everything
11.) How soon they will shoot Winston
Chapter 4
1.) He is being fed, bathed, he can sleep and eat and has a pillow. He eats, sleeps, thinks and dreams. He stops trying to rebel and he will obey but he still hates Big Brother.
2.) Writes God is Power and shouts he still loves Julia
3.) He hates him
Chapter 5
1.) His worst nightmare. He is to have a rat eat his face but he says do it to Julia. He wants this terrible thing to happen to Julia not him, the fear to save himself over comes his love for Julia, and He finally betrays her.
Chapter 6
1.) The old chestnut café, sitting at a table by himself
2.) He doesn’t really do anything but gets paid well. He is sort of working n the 11th edition of the dictionary
3.) They both seemed changed, They don’t care about each other anymore and told each other they betrayed the other
4.) He watches the telescreen, he is worried about Eurasia defeating Oceania and is agreeing on the party’s idea 2+2=5
5.) He says he loves big brother, he is happy he’s been saved from himself and now he wants to be shot so he can die pure.

Tuesday, April 26, 2011

Themes

The clock: It is a method of control. Winston and Julia believe that when they are in their room they are on their own time. By keeping track of time they can sneak around big brother without being caught. They believe they are in control but they are always having to be on time and when they get caught their time runs out and they are no longer in control.

the paperweight: it is a symbol of Julia and Winstons relationship and that when they are together they are in their own glass bubble world.

The song: It represents the idea of their relationship and the brotherhood, Julia and Wintons relationship is hopeless and an over throw of the party will never happen

The Nursery Rhyme: Churches are a symbol of the lower class and a place for their hope but when the chopper chops off your head all hope is lost

Laws Protect Freedom:Yes and no but I dont believe laws are made just to ensure freedom but also keep order and are needed to prevent chaos. So Id say that no not all laws protect freedom and in fact might take some freedom anyway, like talking on your phone while driving, but these laws may be needed to prevent everythign from caving in.

what im afraid of the most

Falling

Monday, April 25, 2011

1984 BOOK II Study Questions

1. Contrast the living quarters and style of the Inner Party members with those of the Outer Party members and proles.
The inner party can turn off their tvs, they have servants and get good food. They get more of a house than an apartment
2. How does O’Brien test Julia and Winston?
He asks them a series of extreme questions to make sure they are serious and willing to do anything for the cause.
3. What information does O’Brien give them about the Brotherhood?
It exhists but no one knows where Goldstein is, and you will never know how many people are with in it. Basically you will gain no ground in destroying big brother either.
4. How will O’Brien get The Book to Winston?
In a suitcase. Winston is to not carry his suit case one day and when a person hands a suit case to him saying I believe you dropped your suitcase you are supposed to take it and it will have the book in it.


Book Two, Chapter 9

1. Why does Orwell include detailed passages from Goldstein’s Book in 1984?
To reinforce and show how corrupt big brothers world is.
2. What three classes of people have always existed?
Upper, Middle, and lower
3. In What ways have these three classes changed?
The idea for each class has not really hanged over the years but the names have. For example in big brothers world the lower class is now called the proles.
4. What is the purpose of war in the world of 1984? War is a way of keeping control of the people.
5. What are the two aims of the Party?
To conquer the whole surface of the earth and to extinguish once and for all the possibility of independent thought are the two aims of the party.
6. What are the two problems with which the Party is concerned?
Conquering and taking the little bits of land that are not really owned by and of the three super states and completely controlling the people are the two problems
7. Why do all three superpowers forbid their citizens from associating with foreigners?
Cause they don’t want them finding out that what they say about those people are lies and that they are actually very similar to themselves.
8. The governments of the three superpowers are alike in essence even though their forms of government have different names. Identify these similarities and explain why they exist?
The three superstates have to stay similar to each other in order to prevent either of them from being at an advantage or a disadvantage, which would allow the pointless war waged by the other states to take them over. Some similaries included the utter control of the people, the break up of power classes, the conditions of life and the fact that all the superstate can be self-contained because of their natural resources
9.. What is the real "war" fought in each of the three governments? Your answer will explain the party slogan, "War is Peace."
The real war is keeping the people under control. Since all of the superstates are evenly matched and they know it, none are expecting to really win but by keeping continues war they can control the people be enslaving them basically with making war goods.
10. What are the aims of the three groups?
High- stay where they are
Middle- change places with the high
Low- abolish all distiction and have everyone be treated equal

11. What changes in the pattern occurred in the nineteenth century?
The middle class no longer made revolutions under the banner of equality only to set up a new tyranny after the old one was over thrown, now the middle groups in effect proclaim their tyranny before hand. They no longer looked for freedom but inequality.
12. How did socialism change in the twentieth century?
From about the 1900 century onwards the aim of establishing liberty and equality was more and more openly abandoned
13. Why are the rulers in the twentieth century better at maintaining power than earlier tyrants?
Their tactics at maintaining power was to brainwash the people, kept them underconsyant survalliance and make them afraid to rebel.

14. What are the four ways an elite group falls from power?
1.) it is conquered from without
2.) it governs so inefficiently that the masses are stirred to revolt
3.) it allows a strong and discontented Middle Group to come into being.
4.) It loses its own self-confidence and willingness to govern.

15. How does the Inner Party make certain it will not fall from power?
They get everyone to believe in Big Brother, they prvent over production, take away the past so there is nothing for the people to compare themselves too and they ration things amongst everyone at a bare minimum rate.

16. How is a person’s class determined in the 1984 world?
By examination taken at the age of 16.

17. What is doublethink and what is its purpose to the ruling class?
It’s the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one’s mind simultaneously and accepting both of them. It allows them to erase history in order to keep control of the people.

18. Why is the mutability of the past important to the ruling class?
It is the idea of doublethink and so it controls the people. The party members are in control because they tell the people what really happened in history, and make it whatever they want so long as it actually happened. It makes them always look right and gives the lower class nothing to compare their lives with.

Wednesday, April 20, 2011

1984 Book II chapter 3-5

Book Two, Chapter 3

How and where do Julia and Winston meet?
-The church, in the streets. They made secret meetings like in the market, talking under their breath and plan where to meet later.
What is Julia’s job?
- She works in the fiction department on the novel-writing machines
What is her background?
- She is 26, lives in a hostel with 30 other girls, she doesn’t rememeber revolution and the only one she ever talked to about those days with her was her grandfather who disappeared, captain of the hockey, wone the gymnastics trophy twice, troop leader in the spies, branch seceratary in the youth league, and now has joined the Junior anti-sex League. Had a love affair when she was 16 with a 60 year old.
What is her attitude toward the Party?
- She hates the party
Describe the quote “ With Julia, everything came back to her own sexuality. As soon as this was touched upon in any way she was capable of great acuteness”. What does Winston think about Julia?
-Her sexuality is all that is important to her. It gives her freedom and a way to rebel against big brother.
Why does the Party think the sexual impulse as well as the familial love dangerous?
- It connects people, it creates an instinct and a world the party can’t control
Book Two, Chapter 4

How does Winston react to the singing Prole woman?
- He thinks it’s and she is beautiful. He listens to her singing and he decides that only when people are down and out will they sing about anything (The Blues)
What pleasures of the senses are mentioned in this chapter? What is Orwell’s point in mentioning them?
- Smelling the delicious coffee and perfume, looking pretty while the room is nasty, tasting the real sugar in coffee, Hearing the beautiful singing. They don’t really get to experience all these senses unless they are hidden away. Only in Winston and Julia’s paridise do they get to experience them.
What is Winston’s reaction to rats? Julia’s reaction?
- Winston is scared of rats, t reminds Winston of the nightmare that has occurred through out his life. while Julia isn’t bothered by them. She sees them everyday.
Winston is interested in the church bells that once played in the city even though he is not religious. What do church bells mean to him?
It is a connection to the time before the revolution when they rang.
Winston sees the coral paperweight as a symbol of what?
It’s a symbol of their relationship and that they are in their own little bubble

Chapter 5

Who has vanished? How does Winston confirm this?
- Syme has and he knows this because his name is no longer on the list of the chess committee.
Describe the preparations for Hate Week. In what ways does the Inner Party excel in building spirit?
- Everyone works over time, there are processions, meetings, military paraes, lectures, waxwork displays, film shows, telescreen programs are organized, stands erected, effigies built, slogans coined, songs written, rumors circulated, and photographs faked. They hang up a lot of posters of Eurasian army men.
Julia and Winston have some differences. Explain them.
- Julia just doesn’t care about the past, every time Winston tries to talk her about past events she falls asleep on him. They have a huge age difference. Their ideas about rebelling are different, Julia only lives in the moment.
Connect chapters 3-5 to two different themes and explain them
- Meaning of freedom: Them still meeting, stealing and eating good food, Julia wearing make up, the prole singing, the idea of the glass paper weight
- The responsibility of the individual in Society: Preparing for hate week and working over time. Winstons job of destroying files and altering the past. What Syme first disappeared someone questioned about it but than the next day never spoke of him again because he is supposed to have never existed. Just to blend in.

Wednesday, April 13, 2011

Book Two, Chapter 2

Why is Winston ill at ease once he is alone with Julia?
- Because he is so old and she so young. Her young and prettiness had frightened him, and he was not use to living with women.
What does Julia bring with her that she has obtained on the black market?
- Chocolate
What are Julia’s ideas about the Party?
- She hates the inner party and can't speak of them without cursing. They are not as perfect as they appear.
What familiar sign does Winston find?
- The Golden Country, he recognized an old, close-bitten pasture, with a footpath wandering across it and a molehill here and there.
What is the significance of the thrush music?
- It symbolizes the moment for him and the rebellion they are committing. The way the bird can do what it wants and sing whatever way it wants to and that is what winston wishes to do. Be free to sing his own song.
What does Winston mean when he says that he loves Julia all the more because she has had scores of sexual encounters?
- It shows that she is not pure and the animal instinct of people, which Winston loves

Wednesday, January 26, 2011

Vocab 1/19

Words 1/19

1) Paradox (N) an opinion or statement contrary to commonly accepted opinion.
Abraham Lincoln’s ideas on slavery was a paradox
2) Sovereign (ADJ) having supreme rank, power, or authority.
Everyone was scared to attack America because we are a sovereign nation
3) Commission (N) an authoritative order, charge, or direction.
The boy was commissioned to go to the army recruiting center by his father.
4) Resolution (N) a resolve or determination
Many peoples new year resolution is to loss weight
5) Malefaction (N) an evil deed; crime; wrongdoing.
The malefaction the boy did made him get sent to the principal’s office.
6) Firmament (N) the vault of heaven; sky.
The firmament is said to be open to all the good people who die
7) Tedious (ADJ) long and tiresome
The tedious work the girl did on her English project paid off when she Aced the assignment
8) Pestilent (ADJ) destructive to life; deadly; poisonous.
The pestilent liquid is what killed the prince
9) Pious (ADJ) having or showing a dutiful spirit of reverence for god or an earnest wish to fulfill religious obligations.
The pious priest was very intense while speaking and people thought he was going to do something crazy
10) Promontory (N) a bluff, or part of a plateau, overlooking a lowland.
Simba, standing at the top of the promontory with his father, was told that everything the light touches was his kingdom

Monday, January 24, 2011

Questions for 2.2

1.) Claudius sent for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.
2.) He has sent on them to spy on Hamlet
3.) Voltimand and Cornelius bring back news that the king of Norway found out what Fortinbras was doing and told him not to attack Denmark
4.) Norway asks for permission to pass through Denmark on their march to Poland
5.) He’s telling them to listen to him though he rarely listens to himself
6.) Polonius’s plan is for him and Claudius to hid behind an arras when Hamlet is with Ophelia and see if he is really in love with Ophelia
7.) Hamlet calls Polonius a fishmonger or a pimp because Polonius uses his daughter to get further in life
8.) Polonius says that madness gets the point across while sanity would not as well
9.) To Hamlet Denmark is corrupt
10.) He tells them that he has now realized people are nothing more than dust
11.) The players are traveling now because a younger crew has become more popular in the cities so they are traveling to find work
12.) He lets them know that he knows what’s going on and knows the purpose that the king and queen have sent from them
13.) It is an allusion to Jephthah in the bible who sacrifies his daughter out of selfishness, trying to get a higher ranking
14.) Like Pyrrhus we wants to avenge his fathers death. Hamlet is unlike Pyrrhus because of the way they are going about getting their revenge is different. And Pyrrhus is actually in a war while Hamlet is not yet.
15.) Hamlet asks the players if they can perform the Murder of Gonzago and if he can write a couple lines that could be added to the play
16.) He exclaims this because the actor can cry and feel sorry for a made up character when Hamlet just feels empty inside
17.) His plan is that by adding in these lines to the play it with break his uncle down causing him to confess about old king hamlet
18.) One, Hamlet wants to know whether or not the ghost is the devil and two he needs this evidence so people will believe him
19.) Polonius spies on Ophelia and Hamlet, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern spy on Hamlet
20.) Hamlet is rude and sad but gets excited for plays. He is clever and some how seems to know everything that is going on.

Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Notes on Hamlet 2.2

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: reinforce the motif of spying, Hamlet’s childhood friends

Voltemand: tells the king that Old king from Norway didn’t know what Fortinbras had been doing and told him not to attack Denmark but Poland. Old king Norway also asked if they could march through Denmark on a truce

Polonius: talks about nothing and blabbers on because he is trying to look smart and clever

The letter: reinforces the idea of spying.

By Hamlet loving Ophelia it puts Polonius in good light and opens his doors further by potentially becoming the Father in Law for the next king

Polonius: in his speeches he says that he is always right

Hamlet walks four hours for exercise

Polonius and Claudius way of finding out whether or not Hamlet actually loves Ophelia reinforces the idea of spying

Polonius is a fishmonger (pimp): reinforces the metaphor of prostitution

Lines 178 & 179 reinforces the theme of corruption
Line 181: the sun is Hamlet, and the sun can bring about bad things. Ophelia is the dead dog

Hamlet knows Polonius is the one who stopped Ophelia from seeing Hamlet
Common of Shakespeare of making fun of the obvious. Lines 191 & 191

Polonius is a fool
Line 206 & 207 “ how pregnant sometimes his replies are- metaphor
Lines 212- 214: Hamlet wants Polonius to leave

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are not at the top or bottom of fortune
Fortune: Plays men like pipes, she’s not faithful. You can’t rely on fortune. Reinforces the idea of prostitution

Line 240: “Denmark’s a Prison”: reinforces theme of corruption

*The idea that anything that happens or that is going on is neutral, it’s only good or bad if you think, look or interpret either way.

“ Bad dreams”- dreams about his dad/ the ghost
Lines 259- 260: without a desire for something by the common people, there would not be heroes or a monarch

Hamlet knows that Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are not there on their own inclining but was sent for by the king and queen to spy on Hamlet

Hamlets monologue backs up the idea of humanity
-----------------
Themes: Revenge- (spying)
Death
Humanity
Corruption or living in an unjust/ corrupt world- (denmark is a prison/ the world is one) (Prostitution)(spying)

*Prostitution: : fortune, Polonius, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern)

*Spying: King and queen spying on Hamlet w/ Polonius and w/ R&G; Polonius spying on his son and on hamlet, on hamlet and his daughter; R&G; Hamlet spying on everyone by acting mad

*Garden: Hamlet- sun or sunlight or worm; Old King Hamlet- Sun God; Claudius- Serpent; Ophelia- Flower; Polonius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern- weeds?;

*Dreams: dreams are but a shadow, Heros and kings are but the shadow of the lower class

Monday, January 17, 2011

Hamlet: 2.1 questions

1.) Polonius is sending Reynaldo to Paris to spy on Laeretes
2.) He is sending him on this journey to spy on Laeretes and make sure that his son is not getting into trouble. Polonius doesn't trust LAeretes and doesnt want him disgracing the family name.
3.) Reynaldo is supposed to find out information on Laeretes by going around and asking about him. When he finds someone that knows Laeretes Reynaldo is supposed to make fals accusations about Laeretes to see if his friend agrees on the accusation, proving them to be true.
4.) This reveals that Polonius care more about himself and his name than others.
5.) Reyanldo is going to do what Polonius has told him to do, but he doesn't think it is very smart to be going around and spreading lies about Laeretes.
6.) She says that he is acting very old and scarying her. He is distant and looked like he had been loosed out of hell.
7.) Polonius concludes that Hamlet is in love with Ophelia and has been driven mad by Ophelia rejecting him.

Sunday, January 16, 2011

Hamlet 1.3-1.4

1.) Laertes advice to Ophelia was to stay away from Hamlet and not get involved with him.
2.) Laertes is comparing Ophelia to a flower and saying that canker galls or worming will ruin a flower before it has even budded, referring hamlet as the canker galls.
3.) She says that she will listen to his advice and be careful but to not be a hypocrite because she knows what he does when he goes to France
4.) Don't speack your thoughts or act on them, be friednly enough but dont make yourslef cheap, when you get good friends, keep hold of them, but dont be friendly with just anyone. listen to everyone's advice but dont say anything. dont dress overly nice.
5.)Polonious is calling Ophelia like a foolish little baby for thinking what hamlet offered to be real. He tells her that Hamlet is someone who more thinks of himself than anyone else.
6.) "Springes to catch woodcocks"- Ophelia is a woodcock who is being caught in a springes
7.) He told her she is not allowed to see Hamlet
8.)Hamlet is taling after two cannons have just gone off so he starts talking about it is custom for them to drink a lot and that is what they are known for. and that he should be drinking but doesnt want to because all it has done is give them a bad rep. They dont get recognized for anyhting else but being a drunk. and if they do one bad thing drunk it earses all good they have done
9.)There is thought that the Ghost is the devil and if he falls him, the ghost will led him to something bad.
10.)He tells them not to tell anyone of the ghost and that he, Hamlet, will be starting to act crazy and that they need to act like it is normal.

Wednesday, January 12, 2011

vocab words: 1/4

Words: 1/4

Apparition (N) a supernatural appearance of a person or thing, esp. a ghost; a specter or phantom; wraith
The apparition scared Barnardo and the others

Calumnious (ADJ) slanderous; defamatory.
The calumnious remarks the boy made to the teacher got him into detention

Canon (N) church law
The canon was that no one would stay up past 11 o’clock each night on a school trip

Countenance (N) appearance, esp. the look or expression of the face
Her countenance made the cook realize she did not like mushrooms

Discourse (N) communication of thought by words; talk; conversation
In the discourse, the player explained to the coaches why they were not playing well

Imminent (ADJ) likely to occur at any moment; impending
The destruction of the Carribeans was imminent once they found out this was where the next major earthquake would occur.

Perilous (ADJ) involving or full of grave risk or peril; hazardous; dangerous
We went on a perilous adventure into the jungle

Portentous (ADJ) threatening
In order to have a success full year, every girl was a portentous player to our team

Prodigal (ADJ) wastefully or recklessly extravagant
The million’s wife threw a prodigal party

Sullied (V) to soil, stain, or tarnish
The boy spilt food and sullied the table clothe

Tuesday, January 11, 2011

Hamlet 1.2- group work: John, Sam, Devin and Kaitlyn

1.) Hamlet is dressed in black as a marriage announcement and he seems sad when it is supposed to be a happy day.
2.) Because the king has just died and back than it was against the law to marry your sister in law like the king did.
3.) He wants to return and serve in France
4.) Hamlet is now Claudius’s son and nephew but hamlet does not like his uncle/father at all
5.) He is the son of the old king who had been compared to be the sun of the land
6.) His mom married so quickly after the death of her Husband
7.) The way he dresses on the outside shows how he feels on the inside
8.) The wedding and funeral were so close together that you could use the food from the funeral at the wedding
9.) That there is a ghost that looks like Hamlet’s dead father appearing every night

Monday, January 10, 2011

Hamlet 1.2

Hamlet calls denmark a Garden gone in to decay: the garden of Eden and paradise has been lost
Hamlet calls his father the sun god (sun makes gardens grow)
Hamlet is the son of the sun, sun light: makes both good and bad grow
Motif: Idea of acting/ drama, what it means (one thing that still gives Hamlet joy is the theater)
Pun: play on words, has two meanings
Monologo: a speech give by one person to other people
Soloiquy: Spoken by one person alone on stage *1.2,3.1, 4.4

Thursday, January 6, 2011

Hamlet 1.1

1.) How is interest created in the opening scene?
-The ghost of the dead king appears
2.) What information are we given to help us understand the situation?
- We are told that the nation is heading to war
3.) What happened at the end of the scene to create suspense and keep up the reader's interest? -The ghost leaves without talking but they think it might talk to Hamlet so they think they can find out what the ghost wants
4.) What is the mood of the scene?
-Erie, Suspenseful, and doubt that the ghost is real
5.) Why are the sentries apperhensive (there are two reasons)?
- They are apprehensive because their nation is about to go to war and their dead king is in armor, not comfy clothes, taking its appearance as a warning. They are also confused about whether or not they are actually seeing a ghost because it keeps appearing and disappearing without speaking
6.) What reasons are suggested by Horatio for the appearance of the late King's ghost?
- It’s a warn that the nation is about to go to war and also that since the ghost is still wandering the earth the king sinned or is hiding something
7.) Who are the characters present in the scene?
-Baranado, Francisco, Horatio, Ghost, and Marcellus
8.) List on thing Horatio says about the former king?
- That the king killed the king of Norway and attacked Poland as well
9.) Who is young Fortinbras?
- The Prince of Norway who wants to avenge his fathers death
10.) What does Horatio say happened in Rome after Julius Caesar was murdered?
- Rome went in to chaos. He lists a lot of bad things that happened in to Rome after Julius fell
11.) how does Horatio differ from Marcellus and Barnardo in Scene 1?
- He does not believe in the ghost and he is not a guard but a scholar.
12.) What is Horatio's purpose in scene 1 (why is he present)?
- Horatio’s purpose is to interpret why the ghost is there because he is a scholar
13.) What past history (Denmark's history) is revealed in scene 1?
- Denmark attacked both Norway and Poland. King Hamlet killed the king of Norway

Tuesday, January 4, 2011

Words: 1/4

Apparition (N) a supernatural appearance of a person or thing, esp. a ghost; a specter or phantom; wraith

Calumnious (ADJ) of, involving, or using calumny; slanderous; defamatory.

Canon (N) a fundamental principle or general rule

Countenance (N) appearance, esp. the look or expression of the face

Discourse (N) communication of thought by words; talk; conversation

Imminent (ADJ) likely to occur at any moment; impending

Perilous (ADJ) involving or full of grave risk or peril; hazardous; dangerous

Portentous (ADJ) ominously significant or indicative

Prodigal (ADJ) wastefully or recklessly extravagant

Sullied (V) to soil, stain, or tarnish